Ladder Diagram Fundamentals:
- Basic Components and Their Symbols:
- Control Transformers.
- Fuses.
- Switches.
- Pushbutton.
- Pushbutton Switch Actuators.
- Selector Switches.
- Limit Switches.
- Indicator Lamps.
- Relays.
- Time Delay Relays.
- Fundamentals of Ladder Diagrams:
- Basic Diagram Framework.
- Wiring.
- Reference Designators.
- Boolean Logic and Relay Logic.
- Ground Test.
- The Latch (with Sealing/Latching Contacts).
- 2-Handed Anti-Tie Down, Anti-Repeat.
- Single and Combined Circuit.
- Machine Control Terminology
- Fundamentals of Ladder Diagrams:
The Programmable Logic Controller:
- PLC Configurations:
- Processor.
- Mounting rack.
- Mounting rack.
- Power supply.
- Power supply
- System Block Diagram:
Fundamental PLC Programming:
- Physical Components vs. Program Components.
- Disagreement Circuit
- Majority Circuit.
- Oscillator.
- Holding (also called Sealed, or Latched) Contacts.
- Always-ON and Always-OFF Contacts.
- Ladder Diagrams Having More Than One Rung.
Advanced Programming Techniques:
- Ladder Program Execution Sequence.
- Flip Flops.
- Counters.
- Sequencers.
- Timers.
Mnemonic Programming Code:
- Ladder Rung.
- Simple Branches.
- Complex Branches.
Wiring Techniques and Analog I/O Methods:
- PLC Power Connection.
- Input Wiring.
- Inputs Having a Single Common.
- Output Wiring.
- Relay Outputs.
- Solid State Outputs.
- Analog (A/D) Input.
- Analog (D/A) Output.
- Analog Data Handling.
- Analog I/O Potential Problem.
Discrete Position Sensors:
- Sensor Output Classification.
- Connecting Discrete Sensors to PLC Inputs.
- Proximity Sensors.
- Optical Proximity Sensors.
Encoders, Transducers, and Advanced Sensors:
- Angle Position Sensors.
- Absolute Encoder.
Closed Loop and PID Control:
- Simple Closed Loop Systems.
- Closed Loop Systems Using Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID).
- The PID in Programmable Logic Controllers.
- Tuning the PID.
Motor Controls:
- AC Motor Starter and Overload Protection.
- DC Motor Controller.
System Integrity and Safety:
- Equipment Temperature Considerations.
- Fail Safe Wiring and Programming.
- Safety Interlocks.









